[{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.krakra.cz\/starovek-lidstva\/#Article","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/www.krakra.cz\/starovek-lidstva\/","headline":"Starov\u011bk lidstva","name":"Starov\u011bk lidstva","description":"Starov\u011bkem se po\u010d\u00edt\u00e1, hned po prav\u011bku, druh\u00e1 etapa v d\u011bjin\u00e1ch lidstva. Starov\u011bk nastupuje po rozpadu prvotn\u011b pospoln\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti, asi ve... Continue Reading…<\/a>","datePublished":"2023-05-24","dateModified":"2023-05-24","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.krakra.cz\/author\/#Person","name":"","url":"https:\/\/www.krakra.cz\/author\/","identifier":1,"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/b284045843c408c62f17f24f06fc21877cb3f3f5d67c24728f73b54e3c5ca1db?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/b284045843c408c62f17f24f06fc21877cb3f3f5d67c24728f73b54e3c5ca1db?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"krakra.cz","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"\/logo.png","url":"\/logo.png","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/www.krakra.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/img_a290606_w1909_t1503260098.jpg","url":"https:\/\/www.krakra.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/img_a290606_w1909_t1503260098.jpg","height":0,"width":0},"url":"https:\/\/www.krakra.cz\/starovek-lidstva\/","wordCount":415,"articleBody":"Starov\u011bkem se po\u010d\u00edt\u00e1, hned po prav\u011bku, druh\u00e1 etapa v d\u011bjin\u00e1ch lidstva. Starov\u011bk nastupuje po rozpadu prvotn\u011b pospoln\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti, asi ve \u010dtvrt\u00e9m, a\u017e prvn\u00edm tis\u00edcilet\u00ed p\u0159ed Kristem. Tehdy vznikaj\u00ed prvn\u00ed st\u00e1tn\u00edmi \u00fatvary. Konec starov\u011bku se potom po\u010d\u00edt\u00e1 samotn\u00fdm z\u00e1nikem \u0159\u00ed\u0161e z\u00e1pado\u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9, co\u017e bylo \u010dty\u0159i sta sedmdes\u00e1t \u0161est let po Kristu. Pot\u00e9 n\u00e1sleduje obdob\u00ed tak zvan\u00e9ho temn\u00e9ho st\u0159edov\u011bku.\tPrvn\u00ed vysp\u011bl\u00e9 civilizaceKoncem \u010dtvrt\u00e9ho tis\u00edcilet\u00ed p\u0159ed Kristem vyvrcholil v\u00fdvoj neolitick\u00fdch a chalkolitick\u00fdch kultur. V t\u00e9to dob\u011b vznikaj\u00ed dv\u011b nejstar\u0161\u00ed civiliza\u010dn\u00ed centra. Jsou to:\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Mezopot\u00e1mie, kter\u00e1 zab\u00edrala oblast mezi \u0159ekami Eufrat a Tigris\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Egypt, jen\u017e se rozkl\u00e1dal v \u00fadol\u00ed Nilu.V tomto obdob\u00ed starov\u011bku za\u010dali vznikat i m\u011bsta a spole\u010denstv\u00ed bylo rozvrstveno na tyto skupiny:\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 zem\u011bd\u011blce\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u0159emesln\u00edky\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 obchodn\u00edky\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00fa\u0159edn\u00edkySe vznikem st\u00e1tu vznikaj\u00ed instituce, jako jsou:\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u0159\u00eddic\u00ed instituce\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 donucovac\u00ed instituce\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 kontroln\u00ed instituce\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00fa\u0159ednick\u00fd apar\u00e1t\tSt\u00e1tn\u00ed apar\u00e1tVznikl\u00fd st\u00e1t organizoval v\u0161e, co souviselo nap\u0159\u00edklad s odvod\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00edm a zavod\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00edm. Tak\u00e9 m\u011bl funkci politickou, vojenskou, hospod\u00e1\u0159sko-organiza\u010dn\u00ed i kulturn\u00ed. V \u010dele tohoto st\u00e1tu st\u00e1l panovn\u00edk. Ten potom, kter\u00fd ur\u010doval pr\u00e1va a povinnosti p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00edk\u016f jednotliv\u00fdch soci\u00e1ln\u00edch vrstev. Ur\u010doval tak\u00e9 hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e1 a pr\u00e1vn\u00ed pravidla.\tVznik p\u00edsmaSe vzniklou hospod\u00e1\u0159skou \u010dinnost\u00ed vznik\u00e1 tak\u00e9 p\u00edsmo a literatura.\u00a0 Ke slovu se t\u00e9\u017e dost\u00e1v\u00e1 n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed a doch\u00e1z\u00ed k rozvoji kultury, um\u011bn\u00ed a v\u011bdy. V t\u011bchto dob\u00e1ch vznikaj\u00ed:\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 monument\u00e1ln\u00ed stavby pal\u00e1c\u016f\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 pyramidyZem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e1 a m\u011bstsk\u00e1 civilizace se i do oblast\u00ed p\u0159edn\u00edho v\u00fdchodu, kdy doch\u00e1z\u00ed k rozvoji zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed v oblastech st\u0159edn\u00ed S\u00fdrie a St\u0159edozemn\u00edho mo\u0159e.\u00a0\tVznik p\u0159\u00edstav\u016f a n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00edho obchoduLid\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed \u017eij\u00ed na pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed, se \u017eiv\u00ed p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b rybolovem a n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed dopravou. S pozvoln\u00fdm rozvojem n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed dopravy doch\u00e1z\u00ed tak\u00e9 ke vzniku p\u0159\u00edstav\u016f. P\u0159\u00edstavy, kter\u00e9 vznikly na pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed Persk\u00e9ho z\u00e1livu, spojovaly Mezopot\u00e1mii s indick\u00fdm subkontinentem. Syrsk\u00e9 a palestinsk\u00e9\u00a0 pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed vydatn\u011b obchoduje:\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 s Malou Asi\u00ed\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 s \u0158eckem\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 s ostrovy v Egejsk\u00e9m mo\u0159i\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 s\u00a0Egyptem 3.7\/5 - (9 votes) "},{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Starov\u011bk lidstva","item":"https:\/\/www.krakra.cz\/starovek-lidstva\/#breadcrumbitem"}]}]